What Is Structured Data?

Structured data has a well-defined schema for the information it holds. To give an extremely simple definition, any data that can be presented in a spreadsheet program like Google Sheets or Microsoft Excel is structured data. In this example, data can be represented as rows and columns. Each column represents a different attribute, while each row will have the data associated with the attribute for a single instance. Rows and columns form a table that can be referenced easily. Different tables can be connected��that is, they can be said to be related by the common column present in both tables. If multiple tables are related in succession and combination, this creates a relational database. For instance, the customer, sales, and inventory data of a department store can be considered structured data stored as a relational database. Each customer will have a customer ID, as well as fields for their name, contact number, credit card information, address, etc. The database of customers can be connected to the database of sales, with attributes including the time of purchase, item codes purchased, total amount spent, customer ID, etc. Both the tables will be connected with the common attribute of customer ID. Finally, the sales database can be connected to the database of inventory using the common attribute of item code, effectively interconnecting all three tables into a relational database. Structured data like this is generally stored in relational database management systems (RDBMSes). Databases can be written, read, and manipulated using Structured Query Language (SQL), a language that was developed by IBM in the 1970s to support its mainframe databases (though it was initially known as Sequence English Query Language or SEQUEL). It was so named since it reads pretty much like the English language. SQL in its current form was popularized by Relational Software, Inc. (now called Oracle).

What Is Unstructured Data?

Every piece of data that is not structured data can be classified as unstructured data. It��s estimated that by 2025, 80% of the data we encounter will be unstructured data in the form of text, audio, image, or video 1 . In short, unstructured data is modern data. It��s often: Born digital and unpredictable Always being created and on the move Blended, multimodal, and interoperable Geo-distributed for better protection Unstructured data can have some associated metadata that can, in turn, have a structure. For example, a video can have metadata of video resolution, bit rate, frames per second (FPS), owner of the video, etc. But the video itself is unstructured. When there��s some structured metadata associated with unstructured data, it��s occasionally referred to as semi-structured data. Looking more closely at the example of a YouTube video, some metadata is present, such as the time of upload, date of upload, number of views (partial or full), number of likes and dislikes, etc. But the content inside the video title, the video description, and the video itself is unstructured. It has a qualitative aspect that cannot be captured purely by numbers. The most commonly used database for unstructured data is NoSQL. NoSQL stands for ��not only SQL,�� indicating that the database can handle a wider range of data beyond the capabilities of SQL databases. There��s no schema or tabular structure for NoSQL databases; it��s just a collection of data grouped together.

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